📘 Type 1 diabetes: causes, diagnosis and treatment

Diabetes Academy: Resources and Solutions

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sorin Ioacara • Diabetes, nutrition and metabolic diseases specialist • Updated: February 19, 2026

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition that destroys pancreatic beta cells. The page covers understanding the disease (autoimmune processes, diagnosis, HbA1c) and practical care (insulins, regimens, ICR, ISF, injection techniques, monitoring, pumps, diet, exercise, psychological impact).

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Type 1 diabetes epidemiology

Type 1 diabetes commonly occurs in children and young people, but can also occur in adults at any age.

Risk factors for type 1 diabetes

Genetic inheritance Perinatal factors

Diagnosis and staging

Diagnosis and staging of type 1 diabetes

Autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes

Autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes can be humoral (autoantibodies) or cellular (T lymphocytes)

Autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes-specific autoantibodies

Cellular autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes

The autoimmune process and beta cell destruction

Type 1 diabetes care

Type 1 diabetes care involves glucose monitoring, correct insulin dose administration, diet and physical activity.

Continuous glucose monitoring sensors

Continuous glucose monitoring sensors represent a modern technology that allows real-time glucose level estimation without finger pricking.

Insulin pumps

Insulin pumps are devices that deliver insulin continuously, some of them even automatically adjusting the flow based on information from glucose sensors.