📘 Type 1 diabetes

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sorin Ioacara • Associate professor, senior diabetologist • Updated: January 2, 2026

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition that destroys pancreatic beta cells. The page covers understanding the disease (autoimmune processes, diagnosis, HbA1c) and practical care (insulins, regimens, ICR, ISF, injection techniques, monitoring, pumps, diet, exercise, psychological impact).

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Topics

Basic aspects

Learn the basics first, before moving on to more complicated things.

Understanding type 1 diabetes

What is type 1 diabetes Risk factors and genetic predisposition The autoimmune process and beta cell destruction Type 1 diabetes-specific autoantibodies Pre-diabetic stages and screening Onset and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes Differences from other types of diabetes Partial remission (honeymoon phase) Preserving remaining beta cell function Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

Type 1 diabetes care

Available insulin types Insulin treatment regimens Insulin injection technique Insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio Insulin sensitivity factor Continuous glucose monitoring Insulin pumps Diet Physical activity Psychological impact

Complications

Prevention and management of diabetes complications

Acute complications

🚧 Family education for emergencies 🚧 Prevention of acute complications 🚧 Recognizing warning signs 🚧 Hypoglycemia 🚧 Diabetic ketoacidosis 🚧 Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome 🚧 Lactic acidosis 🚧 Emergency treatment 🚧 Emergency kit 🚧 Recovery after acute episodes

Chronic complications

🚧 Prevention of chronic complications 🚧 Screening for chronic complications 🚧 Diabetic neuropathy 🚧 Diabetic retinopathy 🚧 Diabetic kidney disease (nephropathy) 🚧 Stroke 🚧 Myocardial infarction 🚧 Peripheral arterial disease 🚧 Diabetic foot 🚧 Sexual dysfunction